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PCD is a synthetically manufactured substrate made of diamond particles in a metallic binder phase. It is manufactured by high-pressure high-temperature synthesis or by high-pressure liquid-phase sintering. The hard, wear-resistant PCD cutting edges with around 90 percent diamond content and diamond grits between 0.8 and 15 µm, in mining up to 30 µm, have a very long service life when machining non-ferrous materials. The high cutting edge sharpness of at least the smallest grain size used, i.e. from 0.8 µm, is achieved by grinding, spark erosion or precision lasers. The metallic binder phase generates a certain toughness, which is an advantage in some applications. The main areas of application are aluminum alloys with more than 4 percent silicon, hard metal green compacts, titanium alloys and GRP and CFRP composite materials.

The synthetic CVD thick film diamond is created by chemically coating a carrier substance in a gas phase. CVD diamond is almost 99.9 percent pure diamond. As a cutting material, it is brazed onto carrier tools in layers between 0.2 and 1.2 mm. With CVD diamonds, consisting of rows of rod-shaped diamond crystals, the cutting edge works exactly in the direction of greatest hardness. This is why CVD diamond as a cutting material is harder than PCD and natural diamond. In addition, CVD diamond, like natural diamond and MKD, has the highest thermal conductivity of all cutting materials and, with a precision-lasered cutting edge, has a high cutting edge sharpness similar to MKD. The sharp cutting edges offer particular advantages when machining CFRP and GFRP composites, cemented carbide green compacts, ready-sintered cemented carbide, ceramics and wrought aluminum alloys with long service lives.

Monocrystalline diamond consists of pure carbon similar to natural diamond and was synthesized in a high-pressure process with a pressure of 60,000 bar and temperatures of over 1,500°C. Cutting edges, ground with the highest precision, as known from brilliant cuts, are used for high-gloss machining of non-ferrous metals such as gold, silver, brass, copper, but also plastics and aluminum alloys with less than 4 percent silicon. The MKD is also used in high-gloss steel processing using ultrasonic support. It is the only cutting material that enables high-gloss machining with a geometrically defined cutting edge. Its advantages are a combination of high hardness, non-structural structure, high thermal conductivity and low adhesion tendency.

Cubic boron nitride is characterized by a combination of physical, mechanical and chemical properties. Above all, the high thermal resistance and hardness enable economical processing of hardened steel with a geometrically defined cutting edge. CBN substrates are used as composite cutting material systems. By varying the volume fraction, grain size and binder system, different properties can be set, which can be used advantageously for the respective application. Through the interaction of CBN substrate, geometric design of the cutting edge, adapted cutting values and stable tool system, material removal rates, accuracies and high surface quality can be achieved that are superior to grinding technology. Special machines are only needed for this in rare cases.